What will inverters do in the future?

In the future, the primary function of inverters will be to provide well-regulated system voltages for loads. The challenge is to devise a set of standards that emphasizes voltage control while recognizing the physical current-carrying limits of inverters.

What role does energy storage play in the future?

As carbon neutrality and cleaner energy transitions advance globally, more of the future's electricity will come from renewable energy sources. The higher the proportion of renewable energy sources, the more prominent the role of energy storage. A 100% PV power supply system is analysed as an example.

Can inverter-based renewable generation be controlled?

Active power control of inverter-based renewable generation is technically feasible, but such plants will require sacrificing some energy production by operating below the maximum power point to provide the necessary reserves (Hoke et al. 2017).

Can grid-forming energy storage be used in inverter-based generation?

1 Although the focus of this roadmap is on inverter-based generation, it is also applicable to inverter-based energy storage. The details of grid-forming storage applications—such as during charging, discharging, or state of charge— are beyond the scope of this roadmap. Figure ES-1.

Will inverters provide grid-forming services?

This multiyear perspective recognizes that the scale and scope of the types of power systems for which inverters will be called on to provide grid-forming services will and should begin modestly.

Can a power grid be 100% renewable?

“Achieving a 100% Renewable Grid: Operating Electric Power Systems with Extremely High Levels of Variable Renewable Energy.” IEEE Power and Energy Magazine, 15 no. 2: 61–73. Kroposki, B. 2019. Updated figure from “Summarizing the Technical Challenges of High Levels of Inverter-based Resources in Power Grids.”