Can semiconductors be used in air batteries?
In summary, the exploration of semiconductors in air batteries is still in the early stage. With the help of semiconductors, it is believed that air batteries will be widely applied in MEMS and photo-electrochemical devices. The researches will be beneficial for developing other novel energy storage and conversion systems as well.
What are the properties of semiconductors?
Semiconductors, such as TiO 2, graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3 N 4 ), Fe 2 O 3 and perovskites, have stable chemical and physical properties. They have been widely applied as cathodes in air batteries in recent years due to their nice abilities of harvesting solar, energy conversion, stability and low-cost [59, 60, [80], [81], [82], [83], [84] ].
Can semiconductors be used as cathodes in air batteries?
They have been widely applied as cathodes in air batteries in recent years due to their nice abilities of harvesting solar, energy conversion, stability and low-cost [59, 60, [80], [81], [82], [83], [84] ]. Herein, we summarized semiconductors cathodes materials without and with photo-assistance in air batteries in recent three years. 3.2.
What are the advantages of photo-responsive semiconductor as cathode?
Adopting photo-responsive semiconductor as cathode can store photo-energy in the discharge/charge process that would bring down the overpotential and improve the reaction kinetics of air batteries, achieving combination of solar to electric energy and electric to chemical energy [ 59, 60 ].
What happens if a semiconductor has a defect or impurity?
In the presence of defects/impurities in a semiconductor, intermediate energy states are typically created within the bandgap due to the modification of the electronic structure by defects. These defect states, also known as trap levels, can capture charge carriers .
What happens when a semiconductor material is excited by photons?
When a semiconductor material is excited by photons with sufficient energy, electron-hole pairs are generated with energies comparable to the bandgap. The energy of the excited electrons can be released by emitting photons or transferred to the material lattice through nonradiative relaxation.
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The applications of semiconductor materials in air batteries
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